Progress in diagnosis and treatment of ovarian metastases in rectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Rectal cancer is the most common tumor of digestive tract. For female patients, ovarian metastasis ranks the second place in intraperitoneal organ metastasis. Its symptoms are occult, easily missed and insensitive to systemic treatment, so the prognosis is poor. Surgery is the treatment of choice for patients with rectal ovarian metastases, whether R0 resection is possible or not, and reducing tumor load is associated with better prognosis. With the continuous development of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), tumor reduction can reach the cellular level, which can significantly improve survival. Prophylactic ovariectomy remains a controversial issue in patients at high risk of ovarian metastasis. In this review, we summarize the diagnosis, treatment and prevention strategies of rectal cancer ovarian metastases, hoping to provide some reference for clinical practice.

Overview on Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome differentiation and treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) / 国际中医中药杂志

This paper reviews the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) diagnosis and treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the theories of different experts in TCM. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 involves dampness, toxin, heat, cold, blood stasis and deficiency. Dampness and poison were the core pathological factors. The treatment is based on the situation of patients in different regions and different stages of the disease, and focuses on dampness and toxin, with the purpose of eliminating evil and consolidating the foundation. Oral TCM prescriptions such as Qingfei-Paidu Decoction, Qingfei-Touxie-Fuzheng Decoction, Lianhua-Qingwen capsule (granule) show good curative effect. TCM non drug therapies, such as acupuncture, moxibustion, acupoint application, ear acupuncture, traditional exercises, etc., are mostly aimed at light, ordinary and convalescent patients, which can improve symptoms. However, high-quality TCM research is still needed.

Strategies and reflections on platelet-based targeted therapy for tumor / 药学学报

In the past few decades, our understanding of platelets has made great progress. Platelets play an unexpected central role in cancer and greatly affect the behavior of cancer cells. At the same time, the physiology and phenotype of platelets are also affected by cancer cells. Therefore, platelet-based tumor targeted therapy strategies have attracted the attention of researchers, but the limitations of their application require more attention. In this paper, the strategies of platelet-based tumor targeted therapy are summarized, and the strategies of platelet mimicking nanocarrier delivery, platelet hitch riding, platelet membrane coating biomimetic and engineered platelet targeting are mainly introduced. The easy activation, hard storage and unknown functional and phenotypic changes of platelets were discussed. At the same time, the strategy of platelet-based targeted tumor therapy is reviewed from theoretical basis and practical application. The development potential of platelets in the field of tumor diagnosis and treatment is discussed, which will provide some theoretical reference for the study of platelet-related tumor diagnosis and targeted therapy.

Detection of oropharyngeal sensory function in normal population / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To study the oropharyngeal sensory function by Current Perception Threshold(CPT) detection, to explore the detection method of oropharyngeal sensory function in normal population, and to analyze the possible influencing factors. Methods: Fifty-eight normal subjects were included prospectively in this study. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI) were collected. The age of the subjects ranged from 20 to 76 (43.27±13.52) years old. There were 34 females with 17 in childbearing period and 17 in menopause; and 24 males were included.In all the cases, 6 cases were in low BMI, 39 cases were in normal BMI, 10 cases were overweight and 3 cases were suffering from obesity. The CPT system of Neurometer was used to stimulate bilateral palatoglossal arch and tongue base.The current used was 2000 Hz, 250 Hz and 5 Hz respectively.The function of type Aβ, Aδ and C sensory nerve fibers were tested and the CPT values were recorded.The values were inversely proportional to pharyngeal sensation function.To evaluate the oropharyngeal sensory function of the subjects, the CPT values of each frequency at each testing point were compared. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The CPT value of palatoglossal arch was significantly lower than that of tongue base (t=-2.58,-2.65,-2.54,-2.47,-2.37,-2.77,P<0.05), 2 000 Hz>250 Hz>5 Hz, and there was no significant difference between left and right sides(t=-0.03,-0.51,-0.49,0.06,-0.16,0.13,P>0.05). The CPT value of male was slightly higher than that of female (t=0.92,1.55,0.27,0.78,1.44,1.26,0.35,0.77,1.27,0.24,0.78,0.96,P>0.05). The CPT values of women in childbearing period were significantly less than those in menopausal women (t=-3.90,-3.64,-2.14,-4.20,-4.28,-4.28,-3.52,-4.46,-3.41,-3.63,-4.66,-2.86,P<0.05). The CPT value increased with age, and the values of all frequency of 20 to 30 years old group was significantly lower than those of subjects over 40 years old at each point (The t values of bilateral palatoglossal arch at 2 000 Hz were -5.57,-6.22,-10.18,-11.00;the t values of bilateral palatoglossal arch at 250 Hz were -6.39,-8.79,-6.39,-15.61;the t values of bilateral palatoglossal arch at 5 Hz were -7.09, -5.57, -9.26, -15.23;the t values of tongue base at 2 000 Hz were -3.11,-3.88,-7.60,-8.55;the t values of tongue base at 250 Hz were -6.31,-10.59,-8.52,-10.60;the t values of tongue baseat 5 Hz were -6.69,-5.09,-8.70,-7.07,P<0.05).The values at all frequencies and testing points of 30-40 years old group were significantly lower than those of all subjects over 60 years old (The t values of bilateral palatoglossal arch at 2 000 Hz were -10.91,-12.42;the t values of bilateral palatoglossal arch at 250 Hz were -6.25,-10.87;the t values of bilateral palatoglossal arch at 5 Hz were -5.53,-11.01;the t values of tongue base at 2 000 Hz were -8.62,-10.12;the t values of tongue base at 250 Hz were -6.89,-7.82;the t values of tongue base at 5 Hz were -6.13,-6.48,P<0.05). Conclusions: CPT can be used to evaluate oropharyngeal sensory function. The sensitivity of tongue base is lower than that of palatoglossal arch, there is no significant difference in oropharyngeal sensory function between male and female,between left and right sides. There are many factors influencing oropharyngeal sensory function. Age, hormone level changes may affect the sensitivity of oropharyngeal sensory function.

Clinical Study on Qingjin Huazhuo Prescription Combined with Western Medicine Therapy for Treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the efficacy and acute inflammatory reactionof Qingjin Huazhuo Prescription combined with Western medicine therapy for treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods Totally 60 hospitalized patients with AECOPD (Grade Ⅱ) and acute exacerbation course≤1 week were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, with 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional Western medicine. The observation group was treated with conventional Western medicine and oral administration of Qingjin Huazhuo Prescription for 10 days, once a day. TCM syndrome and dyspnea grading (mMRC score), white blood cell (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), were measured before and after the treatment. Results The total scores of TCM syndromes and cough, expectoration, wheezing, fever, and cyanosis in the two groups decreased significantly (P<0.05). The improving degrees of cough and expectoration were better in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). The scores of mMRC in the two groups were better than before treatment (P<0.05). The levels of WBC, CRP and PaCO2 in the two groups were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05). The decreased degrees of CRP and PaCO2 in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Qingjin Huazhuo Prescription combined with Western medicine therapy can relieve clinical symptoms, reduce the acute inflammatory reaction of AECOPD patients and improve respiration.

Efficacy and safety of intraocular implants:a Meta-analysis / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To systemically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of intraocular implants for vitreous retinal surgery.METHODS: We performed a comprehensive search for studies reporting vitreous surgery with intraocular implants randomized controlled and a retrospective controlled clinical trials from China Hownet ( CNKI ), Wanfang database, and VIP literature database. Studies obtained from those database were filtered according to the criteria, and data were retrieved from eligible studies for further analysis. Then we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intraocular implants using comprehensive Meta - analysis software version 2 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ). RESULTS: In total 36 studies were recruited for our Meta - analysis, including 5 092 cases. Meta analysis showed: 1) regarding the efficacy of repairing the retinal detachment, silicone oil was a better intraocular implants than C3 F8(OR= 1. 76; 95% CI: 1. 19-2. 60, P = 0. 0047) and SF6( OR = 4. 68; 95% CI: 1. 48 - 14. 81, P = 0. 0087); 2) regarding the risk of postoperative cataract, silicone oil showed significant higher risk than BBS (OR = 3. 24; 95%CI: 2. 10-4. 99, P= 1. 09 e-7), and C3 F8(OR= 3. 03; 95% CI:1. 50 - 6. 10, P = 0. 0019 ); 3 ) regarding the risk of postoperative intraocular pressure, silicone oil showed significant higher risk than BBS (OR= 6. 74; 95% CI: 3. 38-13. 41, P= 5. 67 e-08), and C3 F8 also showed a higher risk than BBS (OR= 4. 79; 95% CI: 2. 37-9. 68, P = 1. 29 e-05). In addition, silicone oil showed significant lower risk as compared with heavy silicone oil (OR= 0. 16; 95% CI: 0. 08-0. 53, P= 0. 0026). CONCLUSION: The intraocular implants for the treatment of retinal detachment in vitreous retinal surgery are mainly divided into two major categories, liquid and gas implants. The silicone oil, a major liquid implant, shows higher efficacy in terms of treating retinal detachment than the gas implants. However, the silicone oil is associated with a higher risk of postoperative cataract and intraocular pressure as compared with gas implants.

Comparison of Experimental Conditions of CCK-8 and MTS for Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells Proliferation Assay / 中国康复理论与实践

@# Objective To explore the optimal experiment conditions of CCK-8 and MTS for cell proliferation assays in human amniotic epithelial cells and to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these reagents. Methods Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) in logarithm growth stages were prepared in different cell concentrations with DMEM/F12 and 10% FBS. The sensitivity and optimal wavelengths was determined based on the optical density (OD) measured at 450 nm and 492 nm. The optimal time was determined under the conditions of the same cell concentration and defined OD values. HAECs were treated with DMSO, CCK-8 and MTS for 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 4 h, respectively. 24 h later, cytotoxicity of the CCK-8 and MTS was evaluated by determination of cell proliferation and Trypan Blue staining. Results The optimal detection wavelength was 450 nm for CCK-8, and 492 nm for MTS. The sensitivity of CCK-8 was slightly lower then that of MTS. The optimal time for incubation hAECs with CCK-8 was 4 h within 1~4 h. The inhibitory on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity of CCK-8 were weaker then those of MTS. Conclusion CCK-8 is a convenient reagent with low cytotoxicity for detection of the proliferation of hAECs.

Perioperative and late outcomes of laparoscopic fundoplication for neurologically impaired children with gastro-esophageal reflux disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Persistent gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) due to various pathological factors often results in overt clinical symptoms and signs, which is termed as gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Affected children usually present with failure to thrive, recurrent pneumonia or apnea. Many neurologically impaired children have symptoms related to GERD. Although laparoscopic fundoplication has been established to be an effective treatment modality for children with GERD, data on its role and long-term efficacy for neurologically impaired patients remain sparse. The aim of this study was to review the results of such patients who underwent laparoscopic fundoplication.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective review was performed from 1998 to 2009. All children with neurological impairment who had laparoscopic fundoplication were included.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifty-nine GERD patients (male = 32, female = 27; mean age 6 years) were identified. All subjects showed symptoms of frequent emesis; 32 of them had history of hematemesis (54.2%); 54 had feeding difficulty; 35 (59.3%) had associated respiratory symptoms, including recurrent pneumonia. Gastrostomy was performed concurrently in 39 cases. There was no conversion to open procedure nor was there intra-operative complications and operative mortality. Emesis or hematemesis was controlled adequately in all. However, respiratory symptoms were not controlled in 10 patients (16.9%), and five of them required further respiratory assistance including nasal airway tube and tracheostomy. Clinical recurrence of GERD was not observed in any subject. Twelve patients died during follow-up (range from 3 months to 9 years) due to severe respiratory complications, cardiac arrest, and brain tumor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Laparoscopic fundoplication is an excellent procedure for controlling clinically significant symptoms in neurological impaired patients with GERD. Further studies are required to assess the improvement of the quality of life in such patients.</p>

Overexpression of hSav1 promotes Mst1-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To elucidate the effect of hSav1 expression on Mst1-mediated apoptosis in HeLa cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Plasmids pCMV-HA-hSav1 and pcDNA/4TO-Flag-Mst1 were constructed and cotransfected into HeLa cells. Triple immunofluorescent labeling of hSav1, Mst1 and nucleus was performed to determine their subcellular localization. Plasmids pCMV-HA-hSav1 and/or pcDNA/4TO-Flag-Mst1 were transfected into HeLa cells, and 36 hours later cisplatin (50 micromol/L) as a pro-apoptotic agent was added for 14 hours. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by annexin V/PI assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Plasmids pCMV-HA-hSav1 and pcDNA/4TO-Flag-Mst1 were constructed and the authenticity of constructs was verified by sequencing. The binding in vitro showed that hSav1 could be detect from the anti-Mst1 immunoprecipitation complex. The immunofluorescent labeling showed that hSav1 and Mst1 had the same localization in cells. Overexpressed protein hSav1 did not induce a significant cell apoptosis. However, co-expression of hSav1 with Mst1 resulted in a significant increase of apoptosis above the level seen with Mst1 alone (24.5% +/- 2.4% vs. 39.3% +/- 4.0%, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our findings indicate that hSav1 is a newly identified protein that interacts with Mst1 and augments Mst1-mediated apoptosis.</p>

Effects of MST1 on cell proliferation and apoptosis of human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 / 肿瘤

Objective: To elucidate effects of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (MST1) gene on cell proliferation and apoptosis of human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7. Methods: This study constructed plasmid pCMV-FLAG-MST1 and transfected it into human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 via mediation by Lipofectamine 2000. We detected the efficiency of transfection by Western blotting. The effect of MST1 on cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay at 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after transfection. The effect of MST1 on cell proliferation was also determined by BrdU incorporation assay at 36 h after transfection. Cisplatin was added into cultured cells at 36 h to induce apoptosis. Forteen hours later cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin V staining. Results: This study successfully constructed plasmid pCMV-FLAG-MST1. The MTT and BrdU incorporation assay showed that the cell proliferation was significantly inhibited after transfection of pCMV-FLAG-MST1. Annexin V staining demonstrated that cell apoptotic rate was relatively higher after overexpression of MST1. Conclusion: In summary, overexpression of MST1 decreases cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7.